In previous articles, we pointed out that there are sciences of archeology as diverse as the number of civilizations, and understanding archeology depends on understanding civilization. Archeology was born out of the desire to understand what the Renaissance men considered that classical archeology is a good human civilization. of culture, and produced different disciplines of archeology. Researchers focused on the civilization of the Greeks and Romans on the one hand, and on the other hand, the antiquities associated with the Christian period.
For this reason, the attention of researchers turned to the region of the ancient Near East (the Middle East) to learn about the cultural development that took place in it, as well as the historical development in Christianity and Islam, as the extended relationship between Athens and Jerusalem is the cradle of intellectual and spiritual life in the West.
That is why the archaeological research extended to all fields and all kinds of eras, and the globe became a vast occupation, and archeology consolidated its rights over all of them, as the archaeological density is not the same everywhere as it depends on places and peoples, and all of these did not participate in equal participation in the development of human life. .
Archeology is one of the sciences that needs a lot of auxiliary sciences that provide technical aids to the archaeologist and help him to reach what he aspires to in terms of preserving, explaining and presenting the antiquities that he finds, and they are many and varied, including:
Epigraphy and epigraphy: These two sciences play a general role in archeology.
Anthropology: It is a science with various manifestations, including the study of human races from an anatomical point of view, with the help of human and animal skeletons that are discovered by the archaeologist.
Geology and Geography: They define the natural environment in which man grew up and the activity of human generations, while studying the animals and plants on which human groups relied, which are among the important things and indispensable assistance to the prehistoric student.
Ethnography: Studying the science of the peculiarities of peoples, and it is closely involved with archeology, and this studies races, civilizations, and societies. This science is concerned with studying morals, customs, and contemporary religions that explain the effects of the past.
geographical namesA science related to the status and distribution of population names and the study of these names from a linguistic and historical point of view.
architecture: It is the study that deals with the study of the art of building, whether it is religious, civil or military, and even city planning.
Sculpture: It is the art of reconfiguration in a solid material (stone, metal, ivory) in a low or raised form, or with a raised or recessed decoration.
Fine Art: It originally consisted of soft material (wax, pottery), and this is the first stage of the art of sculpture.
The art of engraving on precious stones: It is the art of drilling fine stones, either by hollowing or by glyptique drilling.
Study of seals: Its material and models are called Sigillographic, meaning the art of seals.
Numismatics: It is the science of ancient numismatics
ceramic: That is, the art of ceramics and the manufacture of ceramic materials from fired clay, as well as painted ceramics and porcelain.
The science of reading ancient writings: It consists of deciphering writings, especially written on leather, instruments and medieval certificates.
Metrology: The science of weights and measures.
metal carving art It is the art of carving and engraving metals from silver, gold, bronze and iron.
papyrus flag: He studies texts and writings recorded on papyrus sheets.
Painting: The archaeologist must be familiar with the art of drawing, as this science helps him during excavation and excavation work.
For intellectual nourishment.
** The material of these articles was copied from a brief book on archeology by Dr. Ali Hassan, year of printing in 1993 AD, Arabic version.